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Literatur und weiterführende Links (Rx 58-63)
Literaturliste
Literatur zu Definition, Klassifikation, Ätiologie, Epidemiologie, Prognose (Rx 58)
Abbott R, McGee D. The Framingham Study: an epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular disease, section 37. Bethesda (MD): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 1987.
Achenbach, S.; Naber, C.; Levenson, B.; et al.: Kardiologe 2017, 11:272-284; DOI 10.1007/s12181-017-0156-y
Adams, K.; Lindenfeld, J.; Arnold J, et al. Executive Summary: HFSA 2006 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail 2006;12:10–38.
Ahmed A, Aronow WS, Fleg JL. Higher New York Heart Association classes and increased mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular function. Am Heart J 2006;151:444–50.
Ashton CM, Kuykendall DH, Johnson ML, et al. The association between the quality of inpatient care and early readmission. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:415-421.
Auble TE, Hsieh M, McCausland JB, et al. Comparison of four clinical prediction rules for estimating risk in heart failure. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;50:127-135.
Aurigemma GP, Gottdiener JS, Shemanski L, et al. Predictive value of systolic and diastolic function for incident congestive heart failure in the elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37(4):1042–8.
Bhatia RS, Tu JV, Lee DS, Austin PC, Fang J, Haouzi A, Gong Y, Liu PP. Outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a population-based study. N Engl J Med 2006;355:260 –269.
Bonneaux L, Barendregt JJ, Meeter K, Bonsel GJ, van der Maas PJ. Estimating clinical morbidity due to ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure: the future rise of heart failure. Am J Pub Health 1994;84:20– 8.
Bonow RO, Bennett S, Casey Jr DE, et al. ACC/AHA Clinical Performance Measures for Adults with Chronic Heart Failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures (writing committee to develop heart failure clinical performance measures): endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation 2005;112:1853- 87.
Braunstein JB, Anderson GF, Gerstenblith G, et al. Noncardiac comorbidity increases preventable hospitalizations and mortality among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1226–33.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftli-chen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz – Langfassung, 3. Auflage. Version 3. 2019. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000467. www.herzinsuffizienz.versorgungsleitlinien.de
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Canadian Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Team Investigators. Burden of cardiovascular disease in Canada. Can J Cardiol 2003;19: 997-1004.
Cecchi F, Olivotto I, Gistri R, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction and prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1027–35.
Ceia F, Fonseca C, Mota T, et al. and the EPICA Investigators. Prevalence of chronic heart failure in Southwestern Europe: the EPICA study. Eur J Heart Fail 2002;4:531–9.
Cleland JGF, Khand A, Clark A. The heart failure epidemic: exactly how big is it? Eur Heart J 2001;22:623– 6.
Cowie MR, Wood DA, Coats AJS, et al. Incidence and aetiology of heart failure. A population-based study. Eur Heart J 1999;20: 421–8.
Delahay F, Gevigney G, Delay J. Has the prognosis of congestive heart failure changed over time? Congest Heart Fail 1998;4:27–33.
Gottlieb SS, Abraham W, Butler J, et al. The prognostic importance of different definitions of WRF in congestive heart failure. J Card Fail 2002;8:136 – 41.
Heart Failure Society of America. Executive Summary: HFSA 2006 Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. J Card Fail 2006; 12:10 –38.
Ho KK, Pinsky JL, Kannel WB, et al. The epidemiology of heart failure: the Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22(4, Suppl A):6A–13A.
Hogg K, Swedberg K, McMurray J. Heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43(3):317–27.
Hoppe UC et al. fur die Kommission fur Klinische Kardiologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kardiologie (2005) Leitlinien zur Therapie der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz. Z. Kardiol. 94: 488.
Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. ACC/ AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to update the 2001 guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2005;112:154–235.
Jong P, Vowinckel E, Liu PP, Gong Y, Tu JV. Prognosis and determinants of survival in patients newly hospitalized for heart failure. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1689 –1694.
Kannel WB, Plehn JF, Cupples LA. Cardiac failure and sudden death in the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 1988;115(4):869–75.
Kannel WB. Vital epidemiologic clues in heart failure. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:229–35.
Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Leip EP, et al. Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2002; 106:3068–72.
Massie BM, Shah NB. The heart failure epidemic: magnitude of the problem and potential mitigating approaches. Current Opinion Cardiol 1996;11:221-226.
McMurray JJ, Stewart S. Epidemiology, aetiology, and prognosis of heart failure. Heart 2000;83:596-602.
Trappe HJ. Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz- und Kreislaufforschung. Z Kardiol 2003;92:689-693.
WHO. Physician Guidelines (for GPs) designed to be translated and distributed worldwide to primary care physicians. 1995.
Literatur zu Physiologie des Herzens (Rx 58)
Alvarez BV, Perez NG, Ennis IL, Camilion de Hurtado MC, Cingolani HE. Mechanisms underlying the increase in force and Ca(2+) transient that follow stretch of cardiac muscle: a possible explanation of the Anrep effect. Circ Res 1999; 85:716–22.
Appel RG, Wang J, Simonson MS, et al. A mechanism by which atrial natriuretic factor mediates its glomerular actions. Am J Physiol 1986;251:F1036-42.
Aviado DM, Aviado DG. The Bezold–Jarisch reflex—A historical perspective of cardiopulmonary reflexes. Neuro-cardiovascular regulation: from molecules to man. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001;940:48– 58.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftli-chen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz – Langfassung, 3. Auflage. Version 3. 2021. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000467. www.herzinsuffizienz.versorgungsleitlinien.de
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Esler M, Lambert G, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Vaddadi G, Kaye D. Sympathetic nerve activity and neurotransmitter release in humans: translation from pathophysiology to clinical practice. Acta Physiol Scand 2003;177:275–84.
Ganong W F. Review of medical physiology. 21st ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 2003.
Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors. Nervous regulation of the circulation, and rapid control of arterial pressure. In: Textbook of medical physiology, 10th ed., 2000.
Guyton AC, Hall JE. Contraction of skeletal muscle. In: Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors. Textbook of medical physiology, 10th ed. 2000. p. 67–86.
Guyton AC, Hall JE. Heart muscle; the heart as a pump. In: Guyton AC, Hall JE, editors. Textbook of medical physiology, 10th ed. 2000. p. 96–106.
Hafizi S, Wharton J, Morgan K, et al. Expression of functional angiotensin-converting enzyme and AT1 receptors in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. Circulation 1998;98:2553–9.
Holmes SJ, Espiner EA, Richards AM, et al. Renal, endocrine, and hemodynamic effects of human brain natriuretic peptide in normal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:91 -6.
Krayenbuehl HP, Hess OM, Schneider J, Turina M. Physiologic or pathologic hypertrophy. Eur Heart J 1983;4(Suppl A):29–34.
Lage SG, Kopel L, Medeioros CC, Carvalho RT, Creager MA. Angiotensin II contributes to arterial compliance in congestive heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002;283:HI424–H1429.
Lakatta EG. Beyond Bowditch: the convergence of cardiac chronotropy and inotropy. Cell Calcium 2004;35:629–42.
Lakatta EG. Diminished beta-adrenergic modulation of cardiovascular function in advanced age. Cardiol Clin 1986;4:185–200.
Literatur zu Pathophysiologie der Herzinsuffizienz (Rx 59)
Azevedo ER, Newton GE, Floras JS, Parker JD. Reducing cardiac filling pressures lowers norepinephrine spillover in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2000;101:2053– 9.
Baig MK, Mahon N, McKenna WJ, Caforio ALP, Bonow RO, Francis GS, Gheorghiade M. The pathophysiology of advanced heart failure. Am Heart J 1998;135:S216 –S230.
Benedict CR, Weiner DH, Johnstone DE, et al. Comparative neurohormonal responses in patients with preserved and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction: results of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) Registry. The SOLVD Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:146A–53A.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftli-chen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz – Langfassung, 3. Auflage. Version 3. 2021. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000467. www.herzinsuffizienz.versorgungsleitlinien.de
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Cahill JM, Ryan E, Travers B, et al. Progression of preserved systolic function heart failure to systolic dysfunction–a natural history study. Int J Cardiol 2006;106:95–102.
Colucci WS, Braunwald E. Pathophysiology of heart failure textbook. In: Braunwal E, Zipes D, Libby P, editors. Heart Disease a Text Book of Cardiovascular Medicine, 6th ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders; 2001.
Davila CA. Cardiac afferents and neurohormonal activation in congestive heart failure. Med Hypotheses 2000;54:242–53.
Dzau VJ. Tissue renin–angiotensin system in myocardial hypertrophy and failure. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:937–42.
Floras JS. Arterial baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary reflex control of sympathetic outflow in human heart failure. Neuro-cardiovascular regulation: from molecules to man. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001;940: 500– 13.
Francis GS, et al., for the SOLVD Investigators. Comparison of neuroendocrine activation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with and without congestive heart failure. A substudy of the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation 1990; 82:1724– 9.
Gandhi SK, Powers JC, Nomeir AM, et al. The pathogenesis of acute pulmonary edema associatedwith hypertension.NEngl JMed 2001;344: 17–22.
Gerdes AM, Capasso JM. Structural remodeling and mechanical dysfunction of cardiac myocytes in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1995;27:849–56.
Gheorghiade M, Bonow RO. Chronic heart failure in the United States: a manifestation of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1998;282-9.
Gheorghiade M, De Luca L, Fonarow GC, et al. Pathophysiologic targets in the early phase of acute heart failure syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:11G-7G.
Goldsmith SR, Hasking GJ. Dissociation of sympathetic responses to baroreceptor loading and unloading in compensated congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic and nonschemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:646– 9.
Harris P. Congestive cardiac failure. Central role of arterial blood pressure. Br Heart J 1987;58:190–203.
Jackson G, Gibbs CR, Davies MK, Lip GY. ABC of heart failure. Pathophysiology. BMJ. 2000;320:167-70.
Katz AM. Pathophysiology of heart failure: identifying targets for pharmacotherapy. Med Clin North Am 2003;87:303–16.
Kitzman DW, Little WC, Brubaker PH, et al. Pathophysiological characterization of isolated diastolic heart failure in comparison to systolic heart failure. JAMA 2002; 288:2144–50.
Kitzman DW. Diastolic heart failure in the elderly. Heart Fail Rev 2002;7:17–27.
Konstam, 2003. Konstam MA: Systolic and diastolic dysfunction in heart failure? Time for a new paradigm. J Card Fail 2003; 9:1-3.
Senni M, Redfield MM. Heart failure with preserved systolic function. A different natural history? J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1277-82.
Sin DD, Man SF. Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Circulation 2003;107:1514-9.
Literatur zu Diagnostik der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz (Rx 59)
Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ). Leitlinien-Clearingbericht “Koronare Herzkrankheit”.
Ahmed A, Allman RM, Aronow WS, et al. Diagnosis of heart failure in older adults: predictive value of dyspnea at rest. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2004;38: 297–307.
American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), American Society of Echocardiography, Cheitlin MD. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE Committee to Update the 1997 Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography.
American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (ASNC). ACC/AHA/ASNC guidelines for the clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASNC Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Clinical Use of Cardiac Radionuclide Imaging).
American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), Eagle KA. ACC/AHA 2004 Guideline Update for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery).
American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), Gibbons RJ. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing).
American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), Gibbons RJ. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1999 Guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina).
Arnold JM, Liu P, Demers C, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus conference recommendations on heart failure 2006: diagnosis and management. Can J Cardiol 2006;22:23–45.
Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (AkdÄ). Therapieempfehlung Koronare Herzkrankheit. Köln: 2004.
Auerswald U, Englert G, Nachtigäller C, Hansen L, Balke K. Arzt & Selbsthilfe: Im Dienste der Patienten. Dt Arztebl 2003;100(20):A-1332-8.
Badgett RG, Lucey CR, Mulrow CD. Can the clinical examination diagnose left sided heart failure in adults? JAMA 1997;277:1712–1719.
Braunwald E, Colucci WS, Grossman W. Clinical aspects of heart failure. Chap.15. En: Branwald E, editor. Heart disease. A text book of Cardiovascular Medicine. 5th edition.Vol 1. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1997. p. 445.
Braunwald E, Colluci WS, Grossman W. Clinical aspects of heart failure: high-output heart failure; pulmonary edema. In: Braunwald E, editor. 5th edition. Heart disease: a text book of cardiovascular medicine. Volume 1. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1997. p. 445–70.
Braunwald E, Zipes D P, Libby P. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2005.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftli-chen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz – Langfassung, 3. Auflage. Version 3. 2021. DOI: 10.6101/AZQ/000467. www.herzinsuffizienz.versorgungsleitlinien.de
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Butman SM, Ewy GA, Standen JR, et al. Bedside cardiovascular examination in patients with severe chronic heart failure: importance of rest or inducible jugular venous distension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:968–74.
Buxton AE, Lee KL, DiCarlo L, Gold MR, Greer GS, Prystowsky EN, O’Toole MF, Tang A, Fisher JD, Coromilas J, Talajic M, Hafley G. Electrophysiologic testing to identify patients with coronary artery disease who are a risk for sudden death. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1937–1945.
Chatterjee K. Physical examination in heart failure. In: Hosenpud JD, Greenberg B, editors. 2nd edition. Congestive heart failure: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and comprehensive approach to management. Volume 1. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000. p. 615–29.
Cheitlin MD, Armstrong WF, Aurigemma GP, et al. ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (ACC/AHA/ASE committee to update the 1997 guidelines for the clinical application of echocardiography). Circulation 2003;108: 1146–62.
Chenevier-Gobeaux C, Claessens YE, Voyer S, et al. Influence of renal function on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) in patients admitted for dyspnoea in the emergency department: comparison with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Clin Chim Acta. 2005;361:167-175.
Collins S, Lindsell CJ, Storrow AB, et al. Prevalence of negative chest radiography in the emergency department patient with decompensated heart failure. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;47:13-18.
Collins SP, Lindsell CJ, Peacock WF, et al. The combined utility of an S3 heart sound and B-type natriuretic peptide levels in emergency department patients with dyspnea. J Card Fail. 2006; 12:286-292.
Dao Q, Krishnaswamy P, Kazanegra R, et al. Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in an urgent-care setting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:379-385.
Davie AP, Francis CM, Love MP, Caruana L, Starkey IR, Shaw TRD, et al. Value of an electrocardiogram in identifying heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Br Med J 1996;312:222.
Davies M, Hobbs F, Davis R, Kenkre J, Roalfe AK, Hare R, et al. Prevalence of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure in the Echocardiographic Heart of England Screening study: a population based study. Lancet. 2001;358:439-44.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (DGK), Dietz R, Rauch B. Leitlinie zur Diagnose und Behandlung der chronischen koronaren Herzerkrankung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie – Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (DGK).
Drazner MH, Rame JE, Stevenson LW, et al. Prognostic importance of elevated jugular venous pressure and a third heart sound in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;345:574–81.
Ducas J, Magder S, McGregor M. Validity of the hepatojugular reflux as a clinical test for congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1983;52:1299–303.
Fischer M, Baessler A, Hense HW, et al. Prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the community. Results from a Doppler echocardiographic-based survey of a population sample. Eur Heart J 2003;24:320–8.
Harrison A, Morrison LK, Krishnaswamy P, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide predicts future cardiac events in patients presenting to the emergency department with dyspnea. Ann Emerg Med. 2002;39:131-138.
Heart Failure Society of America. Evaluation of patients for ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. J Card Fail. 2006;12:16-25.
Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. ACC/ AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to update the 2001 guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2005;112:154–235.
Januzzi JL Jr, Camargo CA, Anwaruddin S, Baggish AL, Chen AA, Krauser DG, Tung R, Cameron R, Nagurney JT, Chae CU, et al. The N-Terminal Pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study. Am J Cardiol 2005;95:948 –954.
Nava S, Larovere MT, Fanfulla F, Navalesi P, Delmastro M, Mortara A. Orthopnea and inspiratory effort in chronic heart failure patients. Respir Med 2003;97:647-53.
Packer M. Should B-type natriuretic peptide be measured routinely to guide the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure? Circulation 2003;108:2950-3.
Rihal CS, Davis KB, Kennedy JW, Gersh BJ. The utility of clinical, electrocardiographic, and roentgenographic variables in the prediction of left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:220-3.
Rodeheffer RJ. Measuring plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in heart failure: good to go in 2004? J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:740-9.
Working Group Report. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure. European Study Group on Diastolic Heart Failure. Eur Heart J 1998;19:990-1003.
Zile MR, Gaasch WH, Carroll JD, Feldman MD, Aurigemma GP, Schaer GL, Ghali JK, Liebson PR. Heart failure with a normal ejection fraction: is measurement of diastolic function necessary to make the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure? Circulation 2001;104:779-82.
Literatur zu Therapieübersicht bei Herzinsuffizienz (Rx 60)
Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz, NVL, 3. Auflage 2021, Version 3 unter: https://www.leitlinien.de/nvl/html/nvl-chronische-herzinsuffizienz/3-auflage/kapitel-1
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Berliner, Dominik; Hänselmann, Anja; Bauersachs, Johann: Dt. Ärzteblatt Int 2020 (117: 376–86. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0376): Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion unter: https://cdn.aerzteblatt.de/pdf/117/21/m376.pdf?ts=14%2E05%2E2020+08%3A23%3A24
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Aronow WS. Drug treatment of systolic and of diastolic heart failure in elderly persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005;60:1597–605.
Bouhour JB. Education des patients insuffisants cardiaques. Arch Mal Coeur 1998;91:1407–10.
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560 –72.
Cleland JG, Swedberg K, Follath F, et al. The EuroHeart Failure survey programme — a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis. Eur Heart J 2003;24:442—463.
Cleland JGF, Cohen-Solal A, Cosin-Aguilar J, Dietz R, Eastaugh J, Follath F, et al. Management of heart failure in primary care (the IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme): an international survey. Lancet 2002;360:1631– 9.
Cleland JG, Cohen-Solal A, Aguilar JC, et al. IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme Committees and Investigators. Improvement programme in evaluation and management; Study Group on Diagnosis of the Working Group on Heart Failure of The European Society of Cardiology. Management of heart failure in primary care (the IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme): an international survey. Lancet 2002;360:1631–9.
Cleland JG, Cohen-Solal A, Aguilar JC, et al. Management of heart failure in primary care (the IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme): an international survey. Lancet 2002;360:1631–9.
Cleland JG, Cohen-Solal A, Aguilar JC, et al. Management of heart failure in primary care (the IMPROVEMENT of Heart Failure Programme): an international survey. Lancet 2002;360:1631–9.
Cleland JG, Swedberg K, Cohen-Solal A, Cosin-Aguilar J, Dietz R, Follath F, et al. The Euro Heart Failure Survey of the EUROHEART survey programme. A survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. The Study Group on Diagnosis of Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2000;2(2): 123– 32.
Coats AJ, Adamopoulos S, Radaelli A, et al. Controlled trial of physical training in chronic heart failure. Exercise performance, hemodynamics, ventilation, and autonomic function. Circulation 1992; 85:2119–31.
Cohn JN. The management of chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 1996;335:490–8.
Cooper H, Booth K, Fear S, Gill G. Chronic disease patient education: lessons from meta-analyses. Patient Educ Couns 2001;44: 107–17.
Dracup K, Baker DW, Dunbar SB, et al. Management of heart failure. II. Counseling, education, and lifestyle modifications. JAMA 1994;272:1442 – 6.
Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVD Investigators. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293–302.
Fletcher, G.F.; Ades, P.A.; Kligfield, P. et.al.: Exercise standarts for testing and training: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2013; 128(8):873–934. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829b5b44 unter http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23877260
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Gonseth J, Guallar-Castillon P, Banegas JR, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. The effectiveness of disease management programmes in reducing hospital re-admission in older patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published reports. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1570– 95.
Hunt SA. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:1–82.
Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Huijer Abu-saad H, et al. Effects of education and support on self-care and resource utilization in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J 1999;20:673–82.
Jones N L, Killian K J. Exercise limitation in health and disease. N Engl J Med 2000; 243: 632−41.
Lee DS, Tu JV, Juurlink DN, et al. Risk-treatment mismatch in the pharmacotherapy of heart failure. JAMA 2005;294:1240 –7.
Lenzen MJ, Boersma E, Reimer WJ, et al. Under-utilization of evidence- based drug treatment in patients with heart failure is only partially explained by dissimilarity to patients enrolled in landmark trials: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on Heart Failure. Eur Heart J 2005;26:2706–13.
Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Leip EP, et al. Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2002; 106:3068–72.
Page, R.L.; O`Bryant, C.L.; Cheng, D., et al.; Drugs that may cause or exacerbate heart failure: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2016; 134(6): e32-e69. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000426 unter http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27400984
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Schulz M, Krueger K, Schuessel K, et al. Medication adherence and persistence according to different antihypertensive drug classes: A retrospective cohort study of 255,500 patients. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:668–76. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.263. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27393848.
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Working, Group, on, Cardiac, Rehabilitation, and, Exercise, Physiology. Recommendations for exercise training in chronic heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 2001;22:125-35.
Literatur zu ACE-Hemmer und Angiotensin-Rezeptor-Blocker (Rx 60)
Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz, NVL, 3. Auflage 2021, Version 3 unter: https://www.leitlinien.de/nvl/html/nvl-chronische-herzinsuffizienz/3-auflage/kapitel-1
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
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Sheldon R, Connolly S, Krahn A, Roberts R, Gent M, Gardner M. Identification of patients most likely to benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy: the Canadian Implantable Defibrillator Study. Circulation 2000;101:1660-4.
Strickberger SA, Hummel JD, Bartlett TG, Frumin HI, Schuger CD, Beau SL, Bitar C, Morady F. Amiodarone versus implantable cardioverter-defibrillator:randomized trial in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and asymptomatic nonsustained ventricular tachycardia–AMIOVIRT. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1707-12.
Sweeney MO, Hellkamp AS, Ellenbogen KA, Greenspon AJ, Freedman RA, Lee KL, Lamas GA. Adverse effect of ventricular pacing on heart failure and atrial fibrillation among patients with normal baseline QRS duration in a clinical trial of pacemaker therapy for sinus node dysfunction. Circulation 2003;107:2932-7.
The Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators. A comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1576-1583.
Literatur zu Allgemeines zur akuten Herzinsuffizienz (Rx 63)
Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz, NVL, 3. Auflage 2021, Version 3 unter: https://www.leitlinien.de/nvl/html/nvl-chronische-herzinsuffizienz/3-auflage
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Adams Jr KF, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J 2005;149:209–16.
Adams KF Jr, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J. 2005;149:209- 216.
Berger R, Huelsman M, Strecker K, Bojic A, Moser P, Stanek B, Pacher R. B-type natriuretic peptide predicts sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2002;105:2392–2397.
Binanay C, Califf RM, Hasselblad V, et al. Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial. JAMA. 2005;294:1625-1633.
Collins S, Lindsell CJ, Peacock WF, et al. The effect of treatment on the presence of abnormal heart sounds in emergency department patients with heart failure. Am J Emerg Med. 2006; 24:25-32.
De Luca L, Fonarow GC, Adams Jr KF, Mebazaa A, Tavazzi L, Swedberg K, Gheorghiade M. Acute heart failure syndromes: clinical scenarios and pathophysiologic targets for therapy. Heart Fail Rev 2007;12(2):97—104.
Gattis WA, O’Connor CM, Leimberger JD, et al. Clinical outcomes in patients on beta-blocker therapy admitted with worsening chronic heart failure, Am J Cardiol 2003;91:169 –74.
Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT, Albert NM et al. Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure. JAMA 2006;296:2217–26.
Gheorghiade M, Zannad F, Sopko G, Klein L, Pina IL, Konstam MA, Massie BM, Roland E, Targum S, Collins SP, Filippatos G, Tavazzi L. Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research. Circulation 2005;112:3958 –3968.
Lang CC, Mancini DM. NonCardiac comorbidities in heart failure. Heart 2006.
Macdonald JE, Struthers AD. What is the optimal serum potassium level in cardiovascular patients? J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:155–61.
Mueller C, Scholer A, Laule-Kilian K, Martina B, Schindler C, Buser P, Pfisterer M, Perruchoud AP. Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea. N Engl J Med 2004;350:647-54.
Literatur zu Allgemeines zur akuten Herzinsuffizienz (Rx 63)
Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz, NVL, 3. Auflage 2021, Version 3 unter: https://www.leitlinien.de/nvl/html/nvl-chronische-herzinsuffizienz/3-auflage
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Adams Jr KF, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J 2005;149:209–16.
Adams KF Jr, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design, and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Am Heart J. 2005;149:209- 216.
Berger R, Huelsman M, Strecker K, Bojic A, Moser P, Stanek B, Pacher R. B-type natriuretic peptide predicts sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2002;105:2392–2397.
Binanay C, Califf RM, Hasselblad V, et al. Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial. JAMA. 2005;294:1625-1633.
Collins S, Lindsell CJ, Peacock WF, et al. The effect of treatment on the presence of abnormal heart sounds in emergency department patients with heart failure. Am J Emerg Med. 2006; 24:25-32.
De Luca L, Fonarow GC, Adams Jr KF, Mebazaa A, Tavazzi L, Swedberg K, Gheorghiade M. Acute heart failure syndromes: clinical scenarios and pathophysiologic targets for therapy. Heart Fail Rev 2007;12(2):97—104.
Gattis WA, O’Connor CM, Leimberger JD, et al. Clinical outcomes in patients on beta-blocker therapy admitted with worsening chronic heart failure, Am J Cardiol 2003;91:169 –74.
Gheorghiade M, Abraham WT, Albert NM et al. Systolic blood pressure at admission, clinical characteristics, and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure. JAMA 2006;296:2217–26.
Gheorghiade M, Zannad F, Sopko G, Klein L, Pina IL, Konstam MA, Massie BM, Roland E, Targum S, Collins SP, Filippatos G, Tavazzi L. Acute heart failure syndromes: current state and framework for future research. Circulation 2005;112:3958 –3968.
Lang CC, Mancini DM. NonCardiac comorbidities in heart failure. Heart 2006.
Macdonald JE, Struthers AD. What is the optimal serum potassium level in cardiovascular patients? J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:155–61.
Mueller C, Scholer A, Laule-Kilian K, Martina B, Schindler C, Buser P, Pfisterer M, Perruchoud AP. Use of B-type natriuretic peptide in the evaluation and management of acute dyspnea. N Engl J Med 2004;350:647-54.
Literatur zu Therapie der akuten Herzinsuffizienz (Rx 63)
Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz, NVL, 3. Auflage 2021, Version 3 unter: https://www.leitlinien.de/nvl/html/nvl-chronische-herzinsuffizienz/3-auflage
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Abraham WT, Adams KF, Fonanow GC, et al., for the ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators, and the ADHERE Study Group. Inpatient mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive medications: an analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:57 – 64.
Adamopoulos S, Parissis JT, Iliodromitis EK, et al. Effects of levosimendan versus dobutamine on inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2006;98:102–6.
Anderson JL, Baim DS, Fein SA, Goldstein RA, LeJemtel TH, Likoff MJ. Efficacy and safety of sustained (48 hours) intravenous infusions of milrinone in patients with severe congestive heart failure: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;9:711–22.
Biddle TL, Benotti JR, Creager MA, Faxon DP, Firth BG, Fitzpatrick PG, et al. Comparison of intravenous milrinone anddobutamine for congestive heart failure secondary to either ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1987;59:1345–50.
Burger AJ, Horton DP, LeJemtel T, et al. Effect of nesiritide (Btype natriuretic peptide) and dobutamine on ventricular arrhythmias in the treatment of patients with acutely decompensated CHF: the PRECEDENT study. Am J Heart 2002;144:1102 -8.
Cataliotti A, Boerrigter G, Costello-Boerrigter LC, et al. Brain natriuretic peptide enhances renal actions of furosemide and suppresses furosemide-induced aldosterone activation in experimental heart failure. Circulation 2004;109:1680 -5.
Collins SP, Mielniczuk LM, Whittingham HA, et al. The use of noninvasive ventilation in emergency department patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48:260-269, 9 1-4.
Colucci WS et al. (2000) Intravenous nesiritide, a natriuretic peptide, in the treatment of decomensated congestive heart failure. Nesiritide Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 343: 246
Costanzo MR, Guglin ME, Saltzberg MT, et al. Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:675-83.
Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF Jr, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS, et al. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;287: 1541–7.
De Luca L, Colucci WS, Nieminen MS, Massie BM, Gheorghiade M. Evidence-based use of levosimendan in different clinical settings. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1908–20.
Elkayam U, Tasissa G, Binanay C, et al. Use and impact of inotropes and vasodilator therapy during heart failure hospitalization in the ESCAPE trial. Circ 2004;110(17, Suppl 3):III515.
Emerman CL. Safety and efficacy of nesiritide for the treatment of decompensated heart failure. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2002; 3(Suppl 4):S28–34.
Follath F, Cleland JG, Just H, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomised double-blind trial. Lancet 2002;360:196–202.
Hart RG, Halperin JL. Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism: a decade of progress in stroke prevention. Ann Intern Med 1999;131: 688–95.
Heart Failure Society of America. HFSA guidelines for the management of patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction—pharmacological approaches. Congest Heart Fail. 2000;6:11-39.
Innes CA, Wagstaff AJ. Levosimendan: a review of its use in the management of acute decompensated heart failure. Drugs 2003;63:2651-71.
Jaski BE, Ha J, Denys BG, et al. Peripherally inserted venovenous ultrafiltration for rapid treatment of volume overloaded patients. J Card Fail. 2003;9:227-231.
Krum H, Liew D. New and emerging drug therapies for the management of acute heart failure. Intern Med J 2003;33:515–20.
Le Jemtel TH, Padeletti M, Jelic S. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:171–80.
Hier finden Sie Hinweise zum Empfehlungsgrad und Evidenzniveau und die Liste der kapitelübergreifenden, weiterführenden Literatur.
Empfehlungsgrad und Evidenzniveau
Der Empfehlungsgrad einer Therapie wird nach Definition der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie in zwei Indikationsklassen eingeteilt. Dabei entspricht die Klasse I einer gesicherten Indikation und die Klasse II einer relativen Indikation.
Empfehlungsgrad: Definition
Empfehlungsgrad I: Evidenz oder allgemeine Übereinkunft, dass eine Therapieform oder eine diagnostische Maßnahme effektiv, nützlich oder heilsam ist.
Empfehlungsgrad II: Widersprüchliche Evidenz und/oder unterschiedliche Meinungen über den Nutzen/die Effektivität einer Therapieform oder einer diagnostischen Maßnahme.
Empfehlunggrad IIa: Evidenzen/Meinungen favorisieren den Nutzen bzw. die Effektivität einer Maßnahme.
Empfehlungsgrad IIb: Nutzen/Effektivität einer Maßnahme ist weniger gut durch Evidenzen/Meinungen belegt.
Evidenzniveau: Definition
Gemäß der Evidenzgrade können für eine bestimmte Fragestellung Empfehlungen mit folgendem Empfehlungsgrad ausgesprochen werden:
A: Die Empfehlung wird mindestens durch zwei randomisierte Studien gestützt.
B: Die Empfehlung wird durch eine randomisierte Studie und/oder eine Metaanalyse nicht-randomisierter Studien gestützt.
C: Konsensus-Meinung von Experten, basierend auf Studien und klinischer Erfahrung.
Geisslinger, Gerd; Kroemer, Heyo K.; Menzel, Sabine; Ruth, Peter (2019); Mutschler Arzneimittelwirkungen: Lehrbuch der Pharmakologie, der klinischen Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. 11.völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.
Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF),Ärztliche Zentralstelle Qualitätssicherung (ÄZQ). Das Leitlinien-Manual von AWMF und ÄZQ. Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich 2001;95 Suppl 1:1-84.
Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ), Ärztliche Zentralstelle Qualitätssicherung (ÄZQ). Leitlinien-Clearingberichte, 2000-2004.
Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ),Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Deutsches Instrument zur methodischen Leitlinien-Bewertung (DELBI). Fassung 2005/2006. Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich 2005;99(8):468-519.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF): Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz, AWMF-Register-Nr.: nvl-006; Langfassung, 3. Auflage, Version 1: 2019 unter: https://www.leitlinien.de/mdb/downloads/nvl/herzinsuffizienz/herzinsuffizienz-3aufl-vers1-lang.pdf
(eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Chronische Herzinsuffizienz (2019)
Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, Guyatt GH, Harbour RT, Haugh MC, Henry D, Hill S, Jaeschke R, Leng G, Liberati A, Magrini N, Mason J, Middleton P, Mrukowicz J, O’Connell D, Oxman AD, Phillips B, Schunemann HJ, Edejer TT, Varonen H, Vist GE, Williams JW, Jr., Zaza S. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328(7454):1490-7.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Vertrag über eine Kooperation zum Zwecke der Entwicklung und Beschlussfassung im Rahmen des Nationalen Programms für Versorgungs-Leitlinien. Köln: 2003.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV). Nationales Programm für Versorgungs-Leitlinien. Methoden-Report. 2nd ed. 2004.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Herzinsuffizienz – Langfassung, 1. Auflage. Version 7. 2009, zuletzt geändert: August 2013.
Europarat. Entwicklung einer Methodik für die Ausarbeitung von Leitlinien für optimale medizinische Praxis. Empfehlung Rec(2001)13 des Europarates und Erläuterndes Memorandum. Deutschsprachige Ausgabe. Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich 2002;96 Suppl III:1-60.
Harbour R,Miller J. A new system for grading recommendations in evidence based guidelines. BMJ 2001;323(7308):334-6.
Leitliniengruppe Hessen. Leitlinienreport-Allgemeiner Leitlinienreport. Version 2.01, Stand März 2004. 2004.
Murphy MK, Black NA, Lamping DL, McKee CM, Sanderson CF, Askham J, Marteau T. Consensus development methods, and their use in clinical guideline development. Health Technol Assess 1998;2(3):i-88.
New Zealand Guidelines Group (NZGG). Handbook for the preparation of explicit evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Wellington (NZ): NZGG; 2001.
Ollenschläger G, Marshall C, Qureshi S, Rosenbrand K, Burgers J, Mäkelä M, Slutsky J. Improving the quality of health care: using international collaboration to inform guideline programmes by founding the Guidelines International Network (G-I-N). Qual Saf Health Care 2004;13(6):455-60.
Stinner B, Bauhofer A, Sitter H, Celik I, Lorenz W. Nominaler Gruppenprozess als Konsensusinstrument zur Einschränkung der Therapieheterogenität in einer komplexen “outcome”-Studie. Intensivmed Notfallmed 2000;37 Suppl. 2:30.
Bundesärztekammer (BÄK) ,Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV). Beurteilungskriterien für Leitlinien in der medizinischen Versorgung – Beschlüsse der Vorstände der Bundesärztekammer und Kassenärztlicher Bundesvereinigung, Juni 1997. Dt Arztebl 1997;94(33):A-2154-5.
Weiterführende Links
Seite der Deutschen Herzstiftung verfügbar unter http://www.herzstiftung.de/herzinsuffizienz.html (eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Die „heartfailurematters.org“ Webseite steht unter der Verantwortung der “Heart Failure Association“ der „European Society of Cardiology (HFA of the ESC). Die Sprache kann aus acht Sprachen gewählt werden. Die Seite bietet Patientenfilme und Hilfsmittel (Tagebuch zum Ausdrucken) an unter http://www.heartfailurematters.org/de_DE/ (eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Kompetenznetz Herzinsuffizienz: http://knhi.de/network/ (eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ): https://www.aezq.de/aezq/uber (eingesehen am 11.09.2023)
Seite der Medtronic über Herzinsuffizienz verfügbar unter http://www.diagnose-herzinsuffizienz.de/herzinsuffizienz/ursachen-risikofaktoren/index.htm (eingesehen am 11.09.2023)